Tag: Lojasiewicz exponent

The \L ojasiewicz exponent at infinity

The \L ojasiewicz exponent at infinity

References: Paper of Krasinski, On the \L ojasiewicz exponent at infinity of polynomial mappings, Acta. Math. Vietnam. Vol. 32, No. 2-3, 2007.

Definition:

Let {F = (F_1, \dots, F_m) : \mathbb{C}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^m} be a polynomial mapping. The \L ojasiewicz exponent of {F} at infinity is defined as the best exponent {\nu} for which the following inequality holds

\displaystyle |F(z)| \ge C|z|^\nu,

for some constant {C > 0} and sufficiently large {|z|}.

\displaystyle \mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F) := \sup\{\nu \in \mathbb{R}| \exists C >0, R>0 : \forall z \in \mathbb{C}^n, |z| \ge R, |F(z)| \ge C|z|^\nu\}.

Note that {\mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F) \in \mathbb{R} \cup \{-\infty\}}.

Definition

Let {F = (F_1, \dots, F_m): \mathbb{C}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^m} be a polynomial mapping and {S \subset \mathbb{C}^n} be unbounded set. The \L ojasiewicz exponent of {F} at infinity on {S} is defined as the best exponent {\nu} for which the following inequality holds

\displaystyle |F(z)| \ge C|z|^\nu

for some constant {C > 0} and sufficiently large {|z|} in {S}. This exponent is denoted by {\mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F|S)}:

\displaystyle \mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F|S) :=\sup\{\nu \in \mathbb{R}| \exists C >0, R>0 : \forall z \in S, |z| \ge R, |F(z)| \ge C|z|^\nu\}.

For example

{F(x,y) = (x, xy-1): \mathbb{C}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^2.}

  • We have {\mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F) = -1}.
  • And {\mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F|S) = 0} where {S = \{y = 0\}}.

\L ojasiewicz exponent has relationship with properness of mappings

Theorem 1 {\mathcal{L}_{\infty}(F) > 0} if and only if {F} is a proper mapping.

Remark 1 Recall the properness of map. {F} is called proper mapping if {F} sastisfies the following property: {F^{-1}(K)} is a compact set if {K} is a compact set. This fact is equivalent to {|x| \rightarrow +\infty \Rightarrow |F(x)| \rightarrow +\infty}.